(5) We know that Apple demoed virtualization on arm with what appeared to be a arm64 ubuntu guest. Hardware virtualization is commonly referred to as the "Virtualization Host Extension" in arm64 parlance. (4) We know that Apple's current dev kit hardware (A12z) doesn't support hardware virtualization. Likely it uses both depending on the context. So we don't know if Apple uses hardware (ring -1 in x86 parlance) or software virtualization (almost always para-virtualization) under the hood.
(3) Looking at Apple's VZVirtualMachineConfiguration, VZVirtualMachine and "Virtualization Constants" there is nothing apparently exposing the underlying virtualization mechanism. That would not be considered virtualization to my best understanding of the definition. There maybe a semantic issue here if you believe that this api would also allow the "virtualization" of x86-linux on arm. (2) The virtualization framework for arm-based Macs will virtualize arm-Linux and x86-based macs would virtualize x86-linux. (1) Apple has a virtualization framework that can ".boot and run a Linux-based operating system on an Apple silicon or Intel-based Mac computer."
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